OverviewThe human body has two major factors to adapt to when living or spending long periods of time in areas with high altitude, the climate and low air pressure.
Humans need to adapt to the extreme climate changes that occur from night to day as well as the low air pressure. When the air pressure drops the oxygen decreases. Both of these factors are environmental, they don't include the mental and physical strengths needed. How does High Altitude Affect your body?
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First factorThere is extreme climate changes in areas with high altitude. The climate during the day can be very different to the climate at night. During the day there can be high temperatures and winds. However at night the climate can be very still and cold. With the large variations between day and night temperatures, it has taken years for the human body to adapt, so we can survive in mountain ranges. The temperature is usually below 0, and consequently humans are more vulnerable to certain sicknesses. To adjust to the temperatures of the mountains, building up the immune system is important to allow for a lesser chance of sickness whilst climbing. This can be achieved by, eating many fruit and vegetables, a variety of vitamin and mineral supplements (eg. Vitamin C, Zinc), not smoking, exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight.
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Second factorNot only are there extreme climates in places of high altitude, the danger of low air pressure threatens all climbers. When the air rises, the pressure of the air drops, meaning there is a loss of oxygen. When air becomes less pressured the air becomes thinner, also causing a loss of oxygen. Humans need oxygen to breathe, breathing is an essential part to life. For this reason, humans need to do intensive training before conquering a mountain such as Mount Everest. This training includes; climbing smaller mountains in preparation, running, stair walks, and general cardiovascular exercise.
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